Olney is a city in north-central Young County, Texas, situated at the junction of State Highways 114 and 79 with several farm-to-market roads. The 2020 census counted 3,007 residents. The area's settlement history reaches back to around 1880, and the city later gained prominence through an oil discovery in the 1920s that brought a boom to the region. Olney's most distinctive claim to fame is the One-Arm Dove Hunt, an annual gathering for one-armed and amputee hunters founded in 1972 by Jack Bishop and Jack Northrup, two local men who had each lost an arm. What began as a small, good-natured event has been called "the most unusual event in the state of Texas" and has gained worldwide recognition for its camaraderie and support of attendees. The event, now known in part as the Olney Amputee Dove Hunt, remains a defining piece of the city's identity. The local economy is diversified. Agriculture and oil extraction remain central, and the city is home to Air Tractor, a manufacturer of agricultural and utility aircraft that has become one of Olney's most notable employers. This manufacturing presence, unusual for a town of its size, adds a steady industrial base to the rural economy. Public education is provided by the Olney Independent School District, a three-campus system serving the city and surrounding area. The community is largely owner-occupied, with a significant retiree population drawn by the peaceful pace and low cost of living. Olney combines the everyday rhythms of a Texas agricultural town with a genuinely distinctive local tradition and a manufacturing anchor. Its parks, lake, and close-knit civic life round out a community that feels both rooted in the land and quietly remarkable.